懒猪儿 发表于 2011-4-22 10:23:51

2011实拍玛雅古城遗址 玛雅古城遗址高清晰照片(图组)

玛雅文明大约发端于公元前1800年,奇琴伊察则始建于公元5世纪,7世纪时占地面积达25平方公里。玛雅人在这里用石头建造了数百座建筑物,这是玛雅文明发展到鼎盛时期的产物。这些建筑不仅高大雄伟,而且雕有精美的装饰纹,显示出古玛雅人高超的建筑艺术水平。
  奇琴伊察的中心建筑是一座耸立于热带丛林空地中的巨大金字塔,名为库库尔坎金字塔。这座金字塔的设计数据都具有天文学上的意义,它的底座呈正方形,它的阶梯朝着正北、正南、正东和正西,四周各有91层台阶,台阶和阶梯平台的数目分别代表了一年的天数和月数。这座金字塔高30米,呈长方形,上下共九层,最上层为一神庙。这一太阳金字塔四方各有91级的石阶。台阶总数加上一个顶层正好是365,代表一年的天数。台阶两侧有宽一米多的边墙,北面边墙下端刻着一个高1.43为、长约1.8米、宽1.07米的带羽毛的蛇头,蛇嘴里吐出一条长1.6米的大舌头。每年春分秋分两天的下午,“库库尔坎”蛇影即在塔上出现。当太阳开始西斜,阳光投射到北坡西边墙上,就会映出七个等腰三角形,从上到下直到蛇头,呈波浪状,好象一条巨蛇在爬行。直到太阳落山,这条巨蛇才渐渐消失。人们赞叹这一奇观的同时,使人们迷惑不解的是,古代的玛雅人在建筑这一金字塔时,是如何预先测定这一现象出现的,为人们留下了“库库尔坎”蛇影之谜。52块有雕刻图案的石板象征着玛雅日历中52年为一轮回年,这些定位显然是经过精心考虑的。
      玛雅金字塔与埃及金字塔不同之处:
     1、高度:玛雅金字塔的高度远不及埃及金字塔(埃及最高的金字塔为“胡夫金字塔”,原高146米;玛雅最高的金字塔为“蒂卡尔4号神庙”,高75米)。   2、数量:玛雅金字塔的数量远远超过埃及金字塔,仅在墨西哥境内,人们就发现了10万多座金字塔。
  3、外观:玛雅的这种塔式建筑从外观上看,顶部多为平台,上面建有神庙,而且可以拾级而上;埃及金字塔则是锥顶。
  4、功能:埃及金字塔都是法老们的陵墓,玛雅金字塔的主要用以举行各种宗教仪式,只有少量玛雅金字塔具有陵墓的功能。
   
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